Environmental Health And Health Insurance: European Responses To Climate Challenges

Environmental Health And Health Insurance: European Responses To Climate Challenges – Cancer patients are still largely unknown and underutilized by physicians, according to a study by the European Cancer Patient Consortium (ECPC) and the European Alliance for Personalized Medicine (EAPM) to raise awareness measured patients’ biomarkers across Europe, as part of an ongoing commitment to improve treatment outcomes for cancer patients.

Physicians use diagnostic tests for various levels of clinical decision support (ie to confirm a diagnosis, estimate a prognosis, or make a treatment selection, etc.). Poor patient knowledge about diagnostic technologies and biomarkers, and lack of reimbursement for biomarker testing in many European countries creates an obstacle for improving the clinical outcomes of cancer patients.

Environmental Health And Health Insurance: European Responses To Climate Challenges

A biomarker [1] is any substance, structure, or process that can be measured in the body or its products and that affects or predicts the incidence or outcome or disease. Biomarkers are also used for disease prognosis, the likelihood that patients will respond to a particular treatment, to monitor treatment response but also during the cancer drug discovery process.

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Examples of biomarkers include everything from pulse and blood pressure measurements through basic chemicals to more complex laboratory tests of blood and other tissues.

Despite the interest in ensuring that patients are given optimal treatments, at the right time, the survey results show that 30% of respondents do not know the concept of biomarkers and that 60% of the respondents would not have been recommended as a biomarker test by theirs. oncologist

There are also differences in testing time for biomarkers testing from 5 to 30+ days for the same test in different countries.

The study also suggests that the relationship between patients and their oncologists can be improved because more time is needed to inform patients about the challenges and benefits of biomarker testing. 70% of respondents said their doctor did not give them enough information.

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The results of this survey are a useful resource for improving clinical outcomes for cancer patients through better use of biomarker tests, and extending from prevention and screening technologies, to diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. The EU can play an important role in improving patients’ and clinicians’ understanding of the use of biomarkers throughout the patient treatment journey and to create a better regulatory framework to accelerate access to biomarker testing.

Increase biomarker literacy: Health authorities, physicians and patient groups need to improve awareness of genetic testing. Communication focused on access to testing and how it can help in patient care provides an important opportunity to involve patients in managing their health as active partners and to inform them about advanced developments in technologies. medical.

Improve access: The development of biomarker-based diagnostics can make diagnosis and treatment faster. For this to happen, diagnostic tests must be integrated into the clinical setting and be affordable and available to all patients.

Changing the regulatory framework: The regulatory and reimbursement processes need to be adapted to the specifications of new technologies. Hospitals and other clinical settings need to adapt to address some of their challenges such as quality and diagnosis confirmation or data privacy. In addition, better integration of diagnostic rules in therapeutic management frameworks (ie drugs) could improve reimbursement and access to biomarker tests.

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As part of an initiative to raise awareness of the use of biomarkers across Europe, a survey was carried out among ECPC member organizations in a joint effort by the ECPC and the European Federation for Personalized Medicine ( EAPM). The electronic/telephone survey, conducted between April – June 2016, collected 150 responses from various cancer patients/survivors.

For patients they can improve the risk-benefit profile of new and existing drugs, providing an optimal choice of treatment in a timely manner, to increase the likelihood of response;

For health care providers they can offer the best targeted treatment selection, avoid medical errors and reduce adverse reactions to medicinal products;[2]

For healthcare systems biomarkers can serve as navigation tools, ensuring that the right patient receives the right treatment at the right time. They are part of a broad movement toward personalized medicine and can help reduce treatment costs, increase patient response, while ensuring efficient use of scarce health care resources.[3] This is an essential part of the future sustainability of healthcare economics.

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WHO. Environmental Health Criteria 237. Principles for assessing health risks in children associated with exposure to chemicals. WHO, 2006 Climate change is the single greatest health threat facing humanity, and health professionals around the world are already addressing the health harms caused by this ongoing crisis.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has concluded that, in order to prevent catastrophic health effects and prevent millions of deaths related to climate change, the world must limit temperature increases to 1.5 ° C. Past emissions have already made a certain degree of global warming and other climate changes inevitable. Global warming of even 1.5°C is not considered safe, however; every tenth degree of warming will have a significant impact on human life and health.

Although no one is safe from these dangers, the people whose health is first and foremost harmed by the climate crisis are those who contribute the least to its causes, and the least can protect themselves and their families against it – people with low incomes. and disadvantaged countries and communities.

The climate crisis threatens to undo the last fifty years of progress in development, global health, and poverty reduction, and further widen health inequalities between and within populations. It seriously threatens universal health coverage (UHC) in various ways – including by adding to the existing burden of disease and by contributing to the existing barriers to accessing health services, often at times of greatest need. More than 930 million people – about 12% of the world’s population – spend at least 10% of their household budget to pay for healthcare. With the poorest largely uninsured, health shocks and stress are already pushing an estimated 100 million people into poverty each year, with the effects of climate change exacerbating this trend.

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Climate change is already affecting health in a number of ways, including by leading to death and illness from increasingly frequent extreme weather events, such as heat waves, storms and floods, disruption of food systems, increases in zoos and food-, water- and vector-borne diseases, and mental health issues. In addition, climate change undermines many social determinants of good health, such as livelihoods, equality and access to health care and social support structures. These climate-sensitive health risks are disproportionately felt by the most vulnerable and disadvantaged, including women, children, ethnic minorities, poor communities, migrants or people displaced, older populations, and those with underlying health conditions.

An overview of climate-sensitive health risks, their exposure pathways and vulnerability factors. Climate change affects health both directly and indirectly, and is strongly mediated by environmental, social and public health determinants.

Although the impact of climate change on human health is uncertain, accurately estimating the magnitude and impact of many climate-sensitive health risks remains challenging. However, scientific advances are gradually allowing us to attribute increases in morbidity and mortality to human-induced warming, and to more accurately determine the risks and magnitude of these health risks.

In the short to medium term, the health impacts of climate change will be largely determined by population vulnerability, their resilience to the current level of climate change and the rate and speed of change. In the long term, the impact will increasingly depend on the extent to which transformative action is taken now to reduce emissions and prevent dangerous temperature levels and irreversible tipping points. turn back. The European Union Agency for Cybersecurity produces an analysis of the state of development of regional CSIRT capabilities in the health sector since the implementation of the NIS Directive. https://news/-news/on-the-watch-for-incident-response-capabilities-in-the-health-sector https://news/-news/on-the-watch-for-incident-response -capabilities-in-the-health-sector/@@download/image/NISD_423x300mm_01.png

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The meetings of the CSIRT Network and the CyCLOne that are taking place these days in Ljubljana and online, have set the stage for the publication of the new report on CSIRT capabilities for greater efficiency in incident response tools and processes in certain sectors.

Health organizations such as hospitals today rely on complex critical infrastructures to function. For the year 2020, we received a total of 742 reports on cybersecurity incidents with a significant impact from the relevant departments under the Directive on the security of network and information systems (NIS Directive). The health sector saw a 47% increase in these incidents in 2020 compared to the previous year.

Cybersecurity attacks on healthcare can be life-threatening for patients and affect the corporate world. These attacks can also affect the entire health supply chain with devastating consequences for all relevant stakeholders such as citizens, public authorities, regulators, professional associations, businesses, small and medium enterprises.

The number of cyber threats over the years is now increasing due to the emergence of technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), big data, cloud computing and the diversity of connected devices, the among others.

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Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs) are tasked with developing the capabilities needed to deal with such issues and implementing the provisions of the Regulation on the security of network and information systems (NIS Directive).

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